
The Book and the Paints
I’ve been doing sumi-e for awhile, and now with my return to my Chinese painting class, the urge to paint is getting stronger, and the need for color is making itself known. Â However, it never hurts to refresh one’s skills; given this, I dug out a book I’ve had for some time: Â Watercolour by Patricia Monahan. Â This is a good book for standard watercolor techniques. Â So, I’m going through it, front to back, in my spare time. Â It’s a good refresher. Â As well, these techniques are important to remember as I know many will be used in any subject done in the Chinese style.
In watercolor, I’ve encountered different approaches to how to work – light to dark (Monahan’s approach) and dark-to-light. Â Personally, I find that I work more logically light-to-dark, but the truth is that working dark-to-light just confuses me. Â Maybe it is something I should deliberately try. Â For now, though, I will hold that thought and practice a few simple techniques.
Monahan’s book is broken down into sections. Â Currently I am on Washes (having read the introduction and chapter on equipment), which include techniques and then subject matter, such as rain clouds and the beach. Â I’ve done a solid wash, into which I’ve done
- wet-into-wet
- wet-onto-dry
- dark to light stripes (not a wash) by adding water to a dark color to lighten it
- gradated dark-to-light wash
I’m using pan paints, made by Pelikan, and I think they are technically opaque, but I find that they work fine and have a nice degree of transparency when diluted. They are convenient and easy to use on my crowded desk. For paper, I have a 7 x 10 inch block of hot press, 140 pound, Arches. I’m using both sides of the sheet for the exercises.

Washes: Â Solid, Wet-into-Wet, Dry-onto-Wet
The very first exercises in the book are reviews, or introductions, of the wash. Â The solid wash is explained, and demonstrated. Â From there, the author moves into wet-into-wet. Â Below, you will see it in the upper left corner of the picture. Â Wet-onto-dry is also done, with a wash laid down, allowed to dry, and then another color applied over it. Â This is illustrated by the weird circles in the lower left corner. Â Finally, layering of color is done, which you will find on the right. Â I kept the same strength of color for the layers, and applied about eight. Â The results are quite nice.

Diluting a Dark Wash
This next exercise was actually one I’ve never encountered before. Â This consisted of creating a fairly dark wash, and continuing to dilute the wash with the same amount of water. Â Each stripe in the picture below shows what occurs as the intensity of pigment is weakened. Â I was not scientific because I did not measure out specific amounts of water, but I did add two brushes full of water to the pan as I moved along. Â It seems to have worked out well.

Gradated Wash Using Flat Brush and Round Brush
Next was the ever-popular gradated wash. Â Onto dry paper, color is placed at the top and diluted as the color is worked down. Â I did this twice, using a flat brush on the left, and a large round on the right. Â Both have their merits.

Two Gradated Wash Methods
This next exercise consisted of placing a gradated wash onto dry paper and moving it into damp. Â This is on the left side of the picture below. Â I used a small sponge to dampen the lower half of the paper, and then at the top began my wash on dry paper. Â As I moved down the dry section, I added a bit of water, and then continued on down into the damp section, moving left to right and back. Â When I got to the damp section, I did not add any more water, nor pigment, but just let it become weaker. Â This was a brand new technique for me. Â On the right I did the dampened paper with a gradated wash. Â The paper was dampened with a sponge, allowed to dry a bit, and then a standard gradated wash done.

First Exercise: Â Monochrome Rain Clouds
Finally, the first exercise: Â monochrome rain clouds. Â Using black, I laid down a gradated wash onto dry paper. Â Before I let it dry, I used the sponge to lift up some of the color. Â I squeezed the sponge out into my waste water jar and continued. Â After I let this area dry, I laid down some medium and darker washes, doing some wet-into-wet, some lifting, and so on.

I was pretty nervous doing this as I was sure it would all be a disaster, but decided to trudge on rather than freak out! I always over do my watercolors – or nearly. I get sooooo frustrated! However, I am rather pleased with the results, and will do a few more monochromes before moving onto the next exercise which is the same thing – rain clouds – but with a limited palette.